The Mosque of the Caliphs (Mezquita de los Calífes) in Córdoba, Spain, is a remarkable historical structure. It represents one of the most significant periods of Islamic architecture in the Iberian Peninsula. Originally built in the 8th century under the Umayyad Caliphate. Expanded by successive Caliphs, reflecting the city’s importance during the Islamic Golden Age. The mosque is renowned for its expansive prayer hall, featuring a forest of red-and-white striped arches and intricate Islamic art. After the Reconquista, the mosque was converted into a cathedral, known today as Córdoba Cathedral. The building’s unique architectural fusion of Islamic and Christian elements makes it a fascinating testament to the region’s complex history and cultural heritage.